Pappenheimer bodies

Pappenheimer bodies are abnormal granules of iron found inside red blood cells. They are named after James Pappenheimer, an American pathologist who first described them in 1945. Pappenheimer bodies are usually associated with certain types of anemia, particularly sideroblastic anemia and hemolytic anemia. They can also be seen in patients with sickle cell disease and thalassemia.

Appearance and Identification

Pappenheimer bodies appear as small, dark blue granules within red blood cells when stained with Wright's stain. They can be distinguished from other types of granules by their reaction with Prussian blue stain, which turns them a distinctive blue color due to the presence of iron.

Clinical Significance

The presence of Pappenheimer bodies in red blood cells can indicate a problem with iron metabolism. This can be due to a variety of conditions, including iron overload syndromes, myelodysplastic syndrome, and certain types of anemia. In some cases, the presence of Pappenheimer bodies can lead to a false increase in the platelet count, as they can be mistaken for platelets by automated cell counters.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Pappenheimer bodies is usually made by a pathologist examining a blood smear under a microscope. The pathologist will look for the characteristic blue granules within red blood cells. If Pappenheimer bodies are suspected, a Prussian blue stain can be used to confirm their presence.

Treatment

Treatment for Pappenheimer bodies involves addressing the underlying condition causing their formation. This may involve iron chelation therapy for iron overload syndromes, or various treatments for the specific type of anemia present.

See Also

• Anemia
• Iron overload
• Sideroblastic anemia
• Hemolytic anemia
• Sickle cell disease
• Thalassemia
• Myelodysplastic syndrome

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