Paraplegy
Paraplegy
Paraplegy is a medical condition characterized by the impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. It is usually caused by spinal cord injury or a congenital condition that affects the neural elements of the spinal canal. The area of the spinal canal that is affected in paraplegy is typically the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Paraplegy can result from various causes, including:
- Spinal cord injury
- Multiple sclerosis
- Transverse myelitis
- Spina bifida
- Poliomyelitis
- Tumors affecting the spinal cord
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of paraplegy can vary depending on the level and severity of the spinal cord injury. Common symptoms include:
- Loss of movement in the legs
- Loss of sensation in the lower body
- Bowel and bladder dysfunction
- Sexual dysfunction
- Chronic pain
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of paraplegy typically involves:
- Neurological examination
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Computed tomography (CT) scan
- Electromyography (EMG)
Treatment[edit | edit source]
While there is no cure for paraplegy, treatment focuses on improving the quality of life and may include:
- Physical therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Assistive devices such as wheelchairs
- Medications for pain and muscle spasticity
- Surgical interventions in some cases
Rehabilitation[edit | edit source]
Rehabilitation is a crucial part of managing paraplegy. It aims to help individuals regain as much independence as possible. Rehabilitation programs may include:
- Strength training
- Mobility exercises
- Adaptive techniques for daily activities
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with paraplegy varies widely and depends on the cause and severity of the condition. Early intervention and comprehensive rehabilitation can significantly improve outcomes.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
External links[edit | edit source]
- [Paraplegy at MedlinePlus](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001068.htm)
- [Spinal Cord Injury Information](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Spinal-Cord-Injury-Information-Page)
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
