Parodontosis

Parodontosis, also known as periodontosis, is a severe form of periodontal disease that affects the periodontium, the specialized tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Unlike the more common gingivitis, which affects only the gums, parodontosis involves the progressive loss of the alveolar bone around the teeth, as well as changes to the ligaments that attach teeth to the bone and the gum tissue itself. This disease can lead to tooth loss if not properly managed.

Causes and Risk Factors

The primary cause of parodontosis is the accumulation of plaque and tartar on teeth, which harbors harmful bacteria. These bacteria produce toxins that can irritate and inflame the periodontal tissues, leading to their destruction. Several risk factors contribute to the development and progression of parodontosis, including:

• Poor oral hygiene
• Smoking and use of tobacco products
• Genetics
• Diabetes
• Certain medications that cause dry mouth or gum changes
• Stress
• Poor nutrition

Symptoms

Symptoms of parodontosis may include:

• Gum recession, making the teeth appear longer
• Deep pockets between the teeth and gums
• Loose or shifting teeth
• Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
• Bleeding, red, or swollen gums
• Pain or discomfort in the mouth

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of parodontosis involves a thorough examination by a dentist or periodontist. This may include:

• Review of the patient's medical history
• Examination of the gums for signs of inflammation and damage
• Measurement of the depth of the pockets around the teeth
• Dental X-rays to assess the loss of bone around the teeth

Treatment

Treatment for parodontosis aims to stop the progression of the disease and to maintain the health of the periodontium. Treatment options may include:

• Professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line
• Scaling and root planing to clean and smooth the root surfaces, allowing the gum tissue to heal and reattach to the teeth
• Antibiotics to control bacterial infection
• Surgery, such as flap surgery or bone and tissue grafts, in severe cases to restore supportive tissues

Prevention

Preventing parodontosis involves maintaining good oral hygiene practices, including:

• Brushing teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
• Flossing daily to remove plaque between the teeth
• Regular dental check-ups and cleanings
• Avoiding tobacco products
• Managing underlying conditions, such as diabetes

See Also

• Gingivitis
• Periodontal disease
• Dental plaque
• Oral hygiene