X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder

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X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder (XLRPD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive skin pigmentation, recurrent infections, and other systemic abnormalities. It is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, meaning the gene responsible for the disorder is located on the X chromosome.

Clinical Features[edit | edit source]

Individuals with XLRPD typically present with a reticulate (net-like) pattern of hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation on the skin. This pigmentation often appears in infancy or early childhood and can affect various parts of the body, including the trunk, extremities, and face. Other common features include:

Genetics[edit | edit source]

XLRPD is caused by mutations in the POLA1 gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase alpha. This enzyme is essential for DNA replication and cell division. The disorder follows an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern, meaning that males are typically more severely affected than females. Females who carry one mutated copy of the gene may exhibit mild symptoms or be asymptomatic carriers.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

The diagnosis of XLRPD is based on clinical findings, family history, and genetic testing. Molecular genetic testing can identify mutations in the POLA1 gene, confirming the diagnosis. Additional tests may include:

Management[edit | edit source]

There is no cure for XLRPD, and treatment is primarily supportive. Management strategies may include:

  • Antibiotics for recurrent infections
  • Nutritional support for growth and development
  • Regular monitoring of organ function
  • Immunoglobulin replacement therapy for immune deficiencies

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for individuals with XLRPD varies depending on the severity of the symptoms and the effectiveness of the management strategies. Early diagnosis and appropriate medical care can improve the quality of life and outcomes for affected individuals.

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

External Links[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD