Pentyl butyrate

Pentyl butyrate, also known as amyl butyrate, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H18O2. It is an ester formed from butyric acid and pentanol. Pentyl butyrate is a clear, colorless liquid that is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. It is known for its pleasant aroma of apricots or pears, making it a popular additive in the flavor and fragrance industries.

Properties

Pentyl butyrate has a boiling point of approximately 195°C and a molecular weight of 158.24 g/mol. Its pleasant smell and taste make it a valuable component in the formulation of various food products, perfumes, and cosmetic items. Despite its widespread use in these industries, pentyl butyrate is relatively non-toxic and safe for consumption in small quantities.

Synthesis

The synthesis of pentyl butyrate can be achieved through an esterification reaction, where butyric acid reacts with pentanol in the presence of an acid catalyst. This process typically involves heating the reactants under reflux conditions to promote the formation of the ester product. The reaction can be represented by the following equation:

\[ \text{C}_4\text{H}_8\text{O}_2 + \text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_9\text{H}_{18}\text{O}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]

Applications

Pentyl butyrate's primary use is in the flavoring and fragrance industries due to its fruity aroma. It is commonly added to food products, beverages, and cosmetics to impart a desirable scent or flavor. Additionally, pentyl butyrate is used in the production of various chemical intermediates.

Food Industry

In the food industry, pentyl butyrate is used as a flavoring agent to mimic the taste and smell of fruits such as apricots, pears, and apples. It is often found in candies, baked goods, and beverages.

Fragrance Industry

Pentyl butyrate is also widely used in the fragrance industry to create fruity and fresh scents. It is a component of many perfumes, colognes, and air fresheners.

Chemical Industry

Beyond its applications in flavor and fragrance, pentyl butyrate serves as a starting material in the synthesis of other chemicals, particularly those used in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors.

Safety and Regulation

Pentyl butyrate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) when used as a flavoring agent within the prescribed limits. However, like many organic compounds, it should be handled with care, as it can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon contact.

See Also

• Esterification
• Butyric acid
• Pentanol
• Flavoring agent
• Fragrance oil