Periostin

Periostin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POSTN gene. It is a matricellular protein, which means it is involved in the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix. Periostin plays a significant role in tissue development and repair, particularly in the cardiovascular system, bone, and connective tissue.

Structure

Periostin is a secreted protein that belongs to the fasciclin family. It contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a cysteine-rich EMI domain, four tandem fasciclin I domains, and a C-terminal region. The fasciclin I domains are responsible for the protein's interaction with other extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and collagen.

Function

Periostin is involved in various biological processes, including:

• Cell adhesion
• Cell migration
• Tissue repair
• Angiogenesis
• Inflammation

In the cardiovascular system, periostin is essential for cardiac development and heart valve formation. It is also implicated in the response to myocardial infarction, where it aids in cardiac remodeling and repair.

In the skeletal system, periostin is crucial for bone formation and maintenance. It promotes the differentiation and function of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone synthesis.

Clinical Significance

Periostin has been associated with various diseases and conditions, including:

• Asthma
• Allergic rhinitis
• Eosinophilic esophagitis
• Cancer

In asthma and allergic diseases, periostin is upregulated and contributes to airway remodeling and inflammation. It is considered a potential biomarker for eosinophilic inflammation and chronic asthma.

In oncology, periostin is often overexpressed in tumors and is associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis. It is being studied as a potential target for cancer therapy.

Research

Ongoing research is exploring the role of periostin in various pathological conditions and its potential as a therapeutic target. Studies are also investigating its function in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Related Pages

• Extracellular matrix
• Cell adhesion
• Cardiac remodeling
• Osteoblast
• Asthma
• Cancer