Persistent pupillary membrane

Persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) is a condition that occurs when remnants of a fetal membrane that nourishes the eyes of a developing fetus persist after birth. This condition is most commonly seen in dogs, but can also occur in cats and humans.

Overview

The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that allows light to reach the back of the eye. During fetal development, a membrane called the pupillary membrane covers the pupil to protect the developing structures of the eye. Normally, this membrane completely disappears before birth. However, in some cases, parts of the membrane remain, leading to a condition known as persistent pupillary membrane.

Causes

The exact cause of PPM is unknown, but it is believed to be a genetic condition. Certain breeds of dogs, such as the Basenji, are more prone to this condition. In humans, it is a rare condition and is often associated with other eye abnormalities.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of PPM is visible strands or a web-like structure in the pupil. Depending on the severity of the condition, these strands can partially or completely obstruct the pupil, leading to vision problems. Other symptoms can include cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal detachment.

Diagnosis

PPM is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination. This can include a slit lamp examination, which allows the veterinarian or ophthalmologist to examine the structures at the front of the eye, and an ophthalmoscopy, which allows examination of the back of the eye.

Treatment

Treatment for PPM depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, no treatment may be necessary. In more severe cases, where vision is affected, surgical removal of the strands may be necessary. Medications may also be used to reduce inflammation and prevent further vision loss.

Prognosis

The prognosis for animals or humans with PPM largely depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, the strands may not affect vision and the individual can lead a normal life. In severe cases, where vision is significantly affected, the prognosis is less favorable.

See also

• Eye disease
• Veterinary ophthalmology

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