Phleum

Timothee (Phleum pratense subsp. pratense)

Phleum is a genus of grasses in the Poaceae family, commonly known as timothy or timothy-grass. It is native to most of Europe, parts of North Africa, and the temperate and subtropical areas of Asia. The genus is of significant importance in agriculture and ecology, providing fodder for livestock and playing a role in habitat conservation.

Description

Phleum species are perennial or annual grasses. They have cylindrical, spike-like inflorescences, with the flowers densely packed. The leaf blades are flat and narrow, and the plants can reach heights varying from 30 to 100 cm, depending on the species and environmental conditions. The most well-known species within this genus is Phleum pratense, commonly referred to as timothy-grass, which is widely cultivated for hay and pasture.

Ecology

Phleum species are adapted to a wide range of climates and can be found in various habitats, including meadows, roadsides, and cultivated fields. They are known for their resilience and can thrive in both dry and moist conditions. In their natural habitats, these grasses play a crucial role in soil stabilization and provide food and habitat for numerous wildlife species.

Agricultural Use

In agriculture, Phleum pratense is highly valued for its high yield and quality as fodder. It is particularly suited for cold climates and is a staple in the diet of horses, cattle, and sheep. The grass is also used in crop rotation and as a cover crop to improve soil health and reduce erosion.

Allergenic Potential

Some species of Phleum, notably Phleum pratense, are known to produce pollen that can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. This has implications for public health, particularly in urban and suburban areas where the grass is commonly found.

Conservation

While many species of Phleum are common and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and changes in land use can threaten their populations. Conservation efforts focus on maintaining natural habitats and promoting practices that support biodiversity.

Selected Species

• Phleum pratense – Timothy-grass
• Phleum alpinum – Alpine timothy
• Phleum arenarium – Sand timothy

See Also

• Grassland
• Forage
• Hay
• Allergy