Phospholipase C
Enzyme involved in cellular processes
Identifiers | |
---|---|
EC number | 3.1.4.11 |
CAS number | 9001-86-9 |
Alt. names | |
IntEnz | IntEnz view |
BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
KEGG | KEGG entry |
MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
Phospholipase C (PLC) is an important enzyme that plays a critical role in various cellular processes. It is involved in the hydrolysis of phospholipids into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3), which are key secondary messengers in signal transduction pathways.
Function[edit | edit source]
Phospholipase C is activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Upon activation, PLC catalyzes the cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into DAG and IP3. DAG remains in the cell membrane and activates protein kinase C (PKC), while IP3 diffuses through the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it triggers the release of calcium ions into the cytosol.
Isozymes[edit | edit source]
There are several isozymes of phospholipase C, each with distinct regulatory mechanisms and tissue distributions. The main families include:
- PLC-β: Activated by G proteins.
- PLC-γ: Activated by receptor tyrosine kinases.
- PLC-δ: Has a role in calcium signaling.
- PLC-ε: Involved in Ras and Rap signaling.
- PLC-ζ: Important in fertilization and embryogenesis.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Dysregulation of phospholipase C activity is implicated in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. For instance, overactivation of PLC can lead to excessive calcium release, contributing to cell death and tissue damage.
Research and Applications[edit | edit source]
Phospholipase C is a target for drug development due to its central role in cell signaling. Inhibitors of PLC are being explored for therapeutic potential in treating diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
External links[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD