Pituicytoma

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Pituicytoma
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, visual disturbances, hypopituitarism
Complications
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Unknown
Risks
Diagnosis	MRI, histopathology
Differential diagnosis	Pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, meningioma
Prevention
Treatment	Surgical resection
Medication
Prognosis	Generally good with complete resection
Frequency	Rare
Deaths

Pituicytoma is a rare, low-grade glioma that arises from the pituicytes of the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland) and the infundibulum. These tumors are typically slow-growing and are classified as World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I tumors.

Presentation

Pituicytomas often present with symptoms related to their location in the sellar region. Common symptoms include headache, visual field defects, and endocrine dysfunction due to compression of the optic chiasm or the pituitary stalk. Hyperprolactinemia can also occur due to stalk effect.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of pituicytoma is typically made through a combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathological examination. On MRI, pituicytomas usually appear as well-circumscribed, enhancing masses in the sellar or suprasellar region. Histologically, they are characterized by spindle-shaped cells with elongated nuclei and a rich vascular network.

Treatment

The primary treatment for pituicytoma is surgical resection. Due to their benign nature, complete surgical removal often results in a cure. However, the location of these tumors can make complete resection challenging. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are generally not effective and are rarely used.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with pituicytoma is generally favorable, especially if the tumor can be completely resected. Recurrence is uncommon but can occur, necessitating regular follow-up with MRI.

See also

• Pituitary adenoma
• Craniopharyngioma
• Hypothalamic hamartoma
• Glioma