Polyp (medicine)

Polyp (medicine)

A Polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane. If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated stalk, it is said to be pedunculated; if it is attached without a stalk, it is said to be sessile. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, ear, sinus(es), urinary bladder, and uterus. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where mucous membranes exist like the cervix, vocal folds, and small intestine.

Types of Polyps

There are several types of polyps that occur in different areas of the body and have varying characteristics. Some of these include:

• Adenomatous polyps: These are polyps that occur in the colon and are a pre-cancerous condition.
• Hyperplastic polyps: These are typically benign and occur in the colon.
• Inflammatory polyps: These occur as a result of inflammation in the colon.
• Hamartomatous polyps: These are benign and can occur in several parts of the body.
• Neoplastic polyps: These are polyps that have the potential to become cancerous.

Symptoms

Polyps may not cause symptoms, but if they do, they may include:

• Rectal bleeding
• Abdominal pain
• Changes in bowel movements
• Nasal congestion
• Sinusitis

Diagnosis

Polyps are diagnosed through a variety of methods, including:

• Colonoscopy
• Sigmoidoscopy
• Barium enema
• CT scan

Treatment

Treatment for polyps depends on their location, size, and whether they are benign or malignant. Treatment options may include:

• Polypectomy
• Endoscopic mucosal resection
• Surgery

See Also

• Colon (anatomy)
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Endoscopy
• Cancer

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