Post-concussion syndrome

Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) is a complex disorder in which various symptoms — such as headaches and dizziness — continue for weeks, months or a year or more after a concussion — a mild form of traumatic brain injury.

Concussion Anatomy

Symptoms

The symptoms of post-concussion syndrome can include headache, dizziness, and problems with concentration and memory. Some people report ongoing problems with fatigue, irritability, and impaired balance. Most people with post-concussion syndrome recover with rest and by minimizing stress.

Causes

Post-concussion syndrome is often caused by a blow to the head or a sudden, violent shaking of the head. It can also occur after a whiplash type injury. The exact cause of post-concussion syndrome is unknown, but it is thought to be related to structural damage to the brain or disruption of the messaging system within the nerves caused by the impact.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of post-concussion syndrome is based on a history of head injury and reported symptoms. There are no specific tests to confirm the diagnosis, but neurological exams, brain imaging studies, and neuropsychological testing may be used to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for post-concussion syndrome is aimed at easing specific symptoms. For example, if headaches are a major problem, treatment might include medication for pain relief. Other treatments might include physical therapy for balance problems, and cognitive therapy to improve brain function.

Prognosis

The prognosis for post-concussion syndrome varies. Some people recover within a few months, while others may have symptoms for a year or more. In general, the prognosis is good and most people recover fully with time.

See also

• Concussion
• Traumatic brain injury
• Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

References

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