Poultry allergy

Poultry Allergy

Poultry allergy is an allergic reaction to eating poultry meat, such as chicken or turkey, and sometimes to other birds used for consumption. It is a type of food allergy that affects a small percentage of the population. This condition can cause a range of symptoms from mild to severe, including skin rash, hives, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, asthma, and in rare cases, anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction.

Causes

Poultry allergy is caused by the immune system's overreaction to proteins found in poultry meat. The most common proteins that trigger this allergic reaction are albumin, globulin, and muscle proteins. Unlike most food allergies that are recognized early in childhood, poultry allergy can develop at any age.

Symptoms

Symptoms of poultry allergy can vary widely among individuals but typically include:

• Skin rash or hives
• Swelling of the lips, face, tongue, and throat or other parts of the body
• Wheezing, nasal congestion or trouble breathing
• Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting
• Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting

In severe cases, poultry allergy can lead to anaphylaxis, a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of poultry allergy involves a detailed medical history, a physical examination, and possibly some tests. These tests may include:

• Skin prick test (SPT), where a small amount of the allergen is placed on the skin and the area is pricked to allow the allergen to enter the skin.
• Blood test to measure the presence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to specific allergens.
• Oral food challenge, considered the gold standard for diagnosing food allergies, but it is performed under strict medical supervision due to the risk of severe allergic reactions.

Treatment

The primary treatment for poultry allergy is strict avoidance of poultry meat and products containing poultry. This can be challenging, as poultry is a common ingredient in many foods. Reading food labels carefully and asking about ingredients in restaurants are essential steps in managing this allergy.

In cases of accidental ingestion, treatment may include:

• Antihistamines to relieve mild symptoms such as rash or itching.
• Epinephrine (adrenaline), administered via an auto-injector, for more severe reactions or anaphylaxis.
• Corticosteroids may be prescribed for severe reactions to reduce inflammation.

Prevention

Preventing poultry allergy involves avoiding poultry meat and products. For individuals with a known allergy, carrying an epinephrine auto-injector and wearing medical identification jewelry can be lifesaving in the event of accidental exposure.

See Also

• Food allergy
• Anaphylaxis
• Allergen
• Immunoglobulin E