Prinzmetal angina

Prinzmetal Angina (also known as Variant Angina or Prinzmetal's Variant Angina) is a type of angina pectoris that occurs at rest, often in cycles, and is caused by vasospasm, a narrowing of the coronary arteries due to the tightening of the smooth muscle tissue in the vessel walls rather than by atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty plaque and hardening of the arteries).

Etiology

The exact cause of Prinzmetal Angina is unknown, but it is believed to be caused by an abnormality in the control of coronary artery tone. Factors that may contribute to the condition include smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and use of stimulants such as cocaine.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Prinzmetal Angina is severe chest pain, which can be accompanied by other symptoms such as shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, and syncope (fainting). The pain is typically severe and can be mistaken for a heart attack. Unlike typical angina, which is often triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress, Prinzmetal Angina usually occurs when a person is at rest, often during sleep.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Prinzmetal Angina can be challenging, as the condition often does not show up on a standard electrocardiogram (ECG). A coronary angiogram may be used to diagnose the condition. During an episode of pain, changes in the ECG can be indicative of Prinzmetal Angina.

Treatment

Treatment for Prinzmetal Angina typically involves medications to relax and widen the blood vessels, such as calcium channel blockers and nitrates. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and managing stress, can also be beneficial.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for Prinzmetal Angina is generally good. However, it is a chronic condition that can recur and it can lead to serious complications, such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), if not properly managed.

See Also

• Angina Pectoris
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Myocardial Infarction