Prognathism
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
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| Prognathism | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Protruding jaw |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Protrusion of the mandible or maxilla |
| Complications | Malocclusion, speech disorder |
| Onset | Congenital or acquired |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic disorder, acromegaly, injury |
| Risks | Family history, endocrine disorders |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Acromegaly, Crouzon syndrome, Apert syndrome |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies depending on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | Common in certain genetic populations |
| Deaths | N/A |
Prognathism is a medical condition where the jaw or teeth project forward. This condition can affect the maxilla (upper jaw) or the mandible (lower jaw). Prognathism can be a normal variation of human anatomy, a characteristic of several ethnic groups, or a symptom of a medical condition or syndrome.
Types of Prognathism[edit | edit source]
There are three main types of prognathism:
- Mandibular prognathism: Also known as prognathia, this condition is characterized by an extended lower jaw. It is often associated with acrocephaly and Crouzon syndrome.
- Maxillary prognathism: Also known as overjet, this condition is characterized by an extended upper jaw. It is often associated with Apert syndrome.
- Bimaxillary prognathism: This condition is characterized by both the upper and lower jaws being extended. It is often associated with Basal cell nevus syndrome.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Prognathism can be caused by various factors, including genetic conditions, hormone imbalances, and certain diseases. It can also be a normal characteristic of certain ethnic groups, such as some indigenous peoples of the Americas and Africans.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for prognathism depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In some cases, no treatment is necessary. In other cases, treatment may involve orthodontic therapy, surgery, or a combination of both.
Images[edit | edit source]
Vlad the Impaler
Pedro II of Brazil
See also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
