Prognathism

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Prognathism
Synonyms	Protruding jaw
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Protrusion of the mandible or maxilla
Complications	Malocclusion, speech disorder
Onset	Congenital or acquired
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic disorder, acromegaly, injury
Risks	Family history, endocrine disorders
Diagnosis	Physical examination, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Acromegaly, Crouzon syndrome, Apert syndrome
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies depending on severity and treatment
Frequency	Common in certain genetic populations
Deaths	N/A

Charles II of Spain

Mandibular prognathism pre-surgery

Alveolar prognathism

Prognathism is a medical condition where the jaw or teeth project forward. This condition can affect the maxilla (upper jaw) or the mandible (lower jaw). Prognathism can be a normal variation of human anatomy, a characteristic of several ethnic groups, or a symptom of a medical condition or syndrome.

Types of Prognathism

There are three main types of prognathism:

• Mandibular prognathism: Also known as prognathia, this condition is characterized by an extended lower jaw. It is often associated with acrocephaly and Crouzon syndrome.
• Maxillary prognathism: Also known as overjet, this condition is characterized by an extended upper jaw. It is often associated with Apert syndrome.
• Bimaxillary prognathism: This condition is characterized by both the upper and lower jaws being extended. It is often associated with Basal cell nevus syndrome.

Causes

Prognathism can be caused by various factors, including genetic conditions, hormone imbalances, and certain diseases. It can also be a normal characteristic of certain ethnic groups, such as some indigenous peoples of the Americas and Africans.

Treatment

Treatment for prognathism depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In some cases, no treatment is necessary. In other cases, treatment may involve orthodontic therapy, surgery, or a combination of both.

Images

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  Vlad the Impaler
• 
  Pedro II of Brazil

See also

• Orthognathic surgery
• Malocclusion
• Craniofacial surgery