Prostaglandin E synthase

Prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGES gene. This enzyme is part of the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway and is responsible for the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

Function

Prostaglandin E synthase catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin E2. This reaction is a key step in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, which are lipid compounds that play crucial roles in various biological processes, including inflammation, fever, and pain sensation.

Structure

The PTGES gene encodes a membrane-associated protein that is expressed in various tissues, including the brain, heart, kidney, and liver. The protein consists of four transmembrane domains and a cytoplasmic domain that contains the active site of the enzyme.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the activity of prostaglandin E synthase have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. In particular, overexpression of this enzyme has been observed in certain types of cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis.

See also

• Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase
• Prostaglandin D synthase
• Prostaglandin F synthase