Prostaglandin synthetase

Prostaglandin Synthetase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, a group of physiologically active lipid compounds. Prostaglandin synthetase, also known as Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase (PTGS), is involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins.

Function

Prostaglandin synthetase catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of other prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This process involves two sequential reactions: the cyclooxygenase reaction, which converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase reaction, which converts PGG2 to PGH2.

Isoforms

There are two isoforms of prostaglandin synthetase: PTGS1 and PTGS2. PTGS1, also known as COX-1, is constitutively expressed in most tissues and is involved in the maintenance of physiological functions. PTGS2, also known as COX-2, is inducible and is often associated with inflammation and other pathophysiological conditions.

Clinical Significance

Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are commonly used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. These drugs work by blocking the activity of prostaglandin synthetase, thereby reducing the production of prostaglandins.

See Also

• Prostaglandin
• Arachidonic acid
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs