Psilocybe meridionalis

Psilocybe meridionalis holotype spores

Psilocybe meridionalis is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. This species is known for containing the psychoactive compounds psilocybin and psilocin, which are responsible for its hallucinogenic properties.

Taxonomy and Naming

The species was first described by mycologist Gaston Guzmán in 1995. The genus name Psilocybe is derived from the Greek words "psilos" (bare) and "kube" (head), referring to the smooth cap of the mushrooms in this genus. The species name meridionalis indicates its southern distribution.

Description

Psilocybe meridionalis has the following characteristics:

• Cap: The cap is conical to convex, often with a slight umbo, and measures 1-2 cm in diameter. It is hygrophanous, changing color as it loses moisture, typically from a dark brown to a lighter tan.
• Gills: The gills are adnate to adnexed, close, and initially pale brown, becoming darker with spore maturity.
• Stipe: The stipe is slender, measuring 3-6 cm in length and 0.1-0.2 cm in thickness. It is typically the same color as the cap or slightly lighter and may have a slight fibrillose texture.
• Spores: The spores are dark purple-brown, ellipsoid, and measure 10-13 x 6-7 µm.

Habitat and Distribution

Psilocybe meridionalis is typically found in temperate and subtropical regions. It grows on decaying wood, forest litter, and humus-rich soil. The species has been reported in various locations, including South America and parts of Australia.

Psychoactive Properties

Like other members of the genus Psilocybe, Psilocybe meridionalis contains the psychoactive compounds psilocybin and psilocin. These compounds are known to induce hallucinations, altered perception, and euphoria. The use of psilocybin mushrooms has a long history in indigenous cultures for spiritual and shamanic practices.

Legal Status

The legal status of Psilocybe meridionalis varies by country. In many places, the possession, sale, and use of psilocybin mushrooms are regulated or prohibited due to their psychoactive properties. It is important to be aware of local laws and regulations regarding these substances.

See Also

• Psilocybe
• Psilocybin mushrooms
• Psychedelic drug
• Mycology