Pudendal arteries

Thigh arteries schema

Pudendal arteries are essential arteries in the pelvis that supply blood to the external genitalia of both males and females, as well as to other structures in the pelvic region. Originating from the internal iliac artery, the pudendal arteries play a crucial role in the vascular anatomy of the pelvis, contributing to the blood supply of the perineum, anal canal, and parts of the genital organs.

Anatomy

The pudendal artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery, which itself is a major branch of the common iliac artery arising from the aorta. After its origin, the pudendal artery exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, wraps around the sacrospinous ligament, and re-enters the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen. This unique course is significant for its relationship with the pudendal nerve, which accompanies the artery.

Within the pelvis, the pudendal artery gives off several branches:

• Inferior rectal arteries: Supply the lower part of the rectum and the anal canal.
• Perineal arteries: Supply the perineum and, in males, part of the scrotum; in females, these arteries supply the labia majora.
• Artery of the bulb of the penis or vestibule: Supplies the bulb of the penis in males and the vestibular bulb in females.
• Urethral artery: Supplies the urethra.
• Dorsal artery of the penis or clitoris: Supplies the dorsal surface of the penis or the clitoris in females.

Function

The pudendal arteries are vital for providing oxygenated blood to the external genitalia and perineal region. They ensure the proper function and health of these areas, supporting various physiological processes such as erection of the penis and clitoris and maintaining the integrity of the skin and muscles in the perineal region.

Clinical Significance

The pudendal artery can be involved in various clinical conditions:

• Pudendal artery syndrome: Compression or damage to the pudendal artery can lead to inadequate blood supply to the pelvic region, causing pain and dysfunction.
• Erectile dysfunction: Compromised blood flow through the pudendal arteries can contribute to erectile dysfunction in males.
• Pelvic surgeries: Knowledge of the pudendal artery's anatomy is crucial during pelvic surgeries to avoid inadvertent damage and ensure proper blood supply to the pelvic organs.

See Also

• Pelvic floor
• Perineum
• Internal iliac artery
• Erectile dysfunction