Refractory anemia with excess of blasts

Refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) is a type of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a group of diseases in which the bone marrow does not make enough healthy blood cells. RAEB is characterized by the presence of too many immature blood cells (blasts) in the bone marrow and blood, and too few healthy blood cells in the body.

Classification

RAEB is further classified into two subtypes: RAEB-1 and RAEB-2, based on the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow and blood. This classification is done according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.

Symptoms

Patients with RAEB may experience symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, easy bruising or bleeding, and increased risk of infections due to a decrease in healthy blood cells. Some patients may not have any symptoms at the time of diagnosis and the disease may be discovered during routine blood tests.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of RAEB is based on blood tests, bone marrow examination, and cytogenetic analysis. The Complete blood count (CBC) may show low levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Bone marrow examination reveals an excess of blasts. Cytogenetic analysis can identify specific genetic changes that are associated with RAEB.

Treatment

Treatment for RAEB is aimed at reducing the symptoms, improving quality of life, and extending survival. Treatment options may include supportive care, drug therapy, and stem cell transplantation. The choice of treatment depends on various factors such as the patient's age, overall health, and the specific characteristics of the disease.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with RAEB varies widely and depends on several factors, including the subtype of RAEB, the patient's age and overall health, and the specific genetic changes present in the disease.

See also

• Myelodysplastic syndrome
• Bone marrow
• Complete blood count
• World Health Organization