Root abscess

Root Abscess

A root abscess is a localized collection of pus surrounding the root of a tooth. It is a type of dental abscess that primarily affects the apex of a tooth's root, leading to severe pain, swelling, and often, the spread of infection to surrounding tissues. Root abscesses are typically caused by bacterial infection that has spread from the tooth's decayed or damaged areas into the pulp chamber, through the root canal system, and finally reaching the periapical tissues.

Causes

The primary cause of a root abscess is the proliferation of bacteria in the pulp chamber, which can occur due to:

• Tooth decay
• Trauma to the tooth
• Gum disease
• Cracked tooth syndrome

Symptoms

Symptoms of a root abscess may include:

• Severe, persistent, throbbing toothache
• Sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures
• Swelling in the face or cheek
• Tender, swollen lymph nodes under the jaw or in the neck
• Fever
• Foul taste in the mouth
• Difficulty opening the mouth or swallowing

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a root abscess involves a thorough examination by a dentist, which may include:

• Visual examination
• Dental X-rays to determine the extent of the infection
• Testing the tooth's response to heat, cold, and touch

Treatment

Treatment for a root abscess aims to eliminate the infection and preserve the tooth. Options include:

• Root canal therapy to remove the infected tissue and seal the tooth
• Antibiotics to control the spread of infection
• Drainage of the abscess if it has formed a fistula
• In severe cases, tooth extraction may be necessary

Prevention

Preventive measures against root abscesses include:

• Regular dental check-ups
• Good oral hygiene, including brushing and flossing
• Avoiding sugary foods and drinks
• Wearing a mouthguard during sports to prevent trauma

Complications

If left untreated, a root abscess can lead to serious complications, including:

• Spread of infection to surrounding bone and soft tissues
• Sepsis, a potentially life-threatening condition caused by infection spreading throughout the body
• Loss of the affected tooth