Russell bodies

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Russell bodies are eosinophilic, spherical inclusions found in the cytoplasm of plasma cells. They are composed of accumulated immunoglobulins and are typically associated with certain pathological conditions.

Discovery and Naming

Russell bodies were first described by the British pathologist William Russell in 1890. They are named after him in recognition of his contributions to the field of pathology.

Formation and Composition

Russell bodies form when there is an overproduction of immunoglobulins within the endoplasmic reticulum of plasma cells. This overproduction leads to the accumulation of these proteins, which eventually aggregate into the characteristic spherical inclusions. The bodies are typically eosinophilic, meaning they stain pink with eosin dye during histological examination.

Clinical Significance

Russell bodies are often observed in conditions where there is chronic stimulation of the immune system, such as in chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and certain types of cancer like multiple myeloma. Their presence can be indicative of underlying pathological processes and may aid in the diagnosis of these conditions.

Histological Identification

Under the microscope, Russell bodies appear as round, eosinophilic inclusions within the cytoplasm of plasma cells. They are best visualized using hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain), which highlights their eosinophilic nature. In some cases, special stains such as immunohistochemistry may be used to confirm the presence of immunoglobulins within the inclusions.

Related Conditions

• Multiple myeloma
• Chronic inflammation
• Autoimmune diseases
• Plasma cell dyscrasias

See Also

• Plasma cell
• Immunoglobulin
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Histology
• Pathology