Sadistic personality disorder

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Sadistic personality disorder
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Cruelty, aggression, manipulation, humiliation
Complications	N/A
Onset	Adolescence or early adulthood
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic, environmental
Risks	Antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder
Diagnosis	Clinical assessment
Differential diagnosis	Antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Psychotherapy, medication
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Sadistic personality disorder (SPD) is a controversial personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of cruel, demeaning, and aggressive behavior towards others. Despite its inclusion in the DSM-III-R, it was removed from subsequent versions due to lack of research and ethical concerns.

Characteristics and Features

• Individuals with SPD may display a pattern of sadistic behaviors such as:
• Taking pleasure in the physical or emotional suffering of others.
• Exhibiting controlling and manipulative behavior.
• Displaying an excessive fascination with violence, torture, or cruel behaviors.
• Demonstrating hostility, aggression, or demeaning behavior towards others.

Diagnosis and Criteria

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) previously included SPD as a personality disorder diagnosis. However, it was removed in later versions due to controversy surrounding its definition and diagnostic criteria, and a lack of substantial research. In DSM-III-R, the criteria included a pervasive pattern of cruel, demeaning, and aggressive behavior, beginning by early adulthood.

Treatment

SPD is a challenging disorder to treat due to the individual's lack of insight and empathy, as well as their enjoyment of harmful behavior. Treatment may involve a combination of psychotherapy, specifically cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and medication to manage any co-occurring conditions.

Controversy and Criticisms

The inclusion of SPD as a distinct personality disorder has been met with substantial controversy. Critics argue that the diagnosis could be misused to pathologize individuals who engage in BDSM or consensual sadomasochistic behaviors. Additionally, ethical concerns have been raised about the potential for the diagnosis to be misused within the criminal justice system.

See Also

• Personality disorder
• Psychopathy
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC.
• Millon, T., & Davis, R. (1996). Disorders of personality: DSM-IV and beyond (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
• Black, D. W., Gunter, T., Allen, J., Blum, N., Arndt, S., Wenman, G., & Sieleni, B. (2007). Borderline personality disorder in male and female offenders newly committed to prison. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48(5), 400-405.

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