Samvatsari

In-jain

Samvatsari is the most important and auspicious day for the Jain community, marking the conclusion of the eight-day Paryushana festival, which is observed by the Svetambara sect. For the Digambara sect, the corresponding period is known as Daslakshana, which lasts for ten days. Samvatsari falls on the last day of the Paryushana festival, typically in the month of Bhadrapada in the Hindu calendar, which corresponds to August or September in the Gregorian calendar.

Significance

Samvatsari is a day dedicated to introspection, penance, and seeking forgiveness for one's wrongdoings. It embodies the very essence of Jain teachings, which emphasize non-violence (Ahimsa), truth (Satya), and forgiveness (Kshama). The day is marked by observing a strict fast, meditation, and the recitation of the Pratikraman, a ritual that involves confession and seeking forgiveness from all living beings for any harm done, knowingly or unknowingly.

Pratikraman Ritual

The Pratikraman ritual is central to the observance of Samvatsari. It is a comprehensive process that involves six essential components: Samayika (the practice of equanimity), Chauvisantho (honoring the 24 Tirthankaras), Vandana (respecting teachers and monks), Pratikraman (introspection and confession), Kayotsarga (abandonment of the body for meditation), and Pratyakhyan (renunciation of specific faults for a fixed period). This ritual allows individuals to reflect on their actions over the past year, seek forgiveness, and make resolutions for the future.

Forgiveness

A unique aspect of Samvatsari is the practice of seeking forgiveness from friends, family, and all living beings with the phrase "Micchami Dukkadam" or "Uttam Kshama," which means "May all the evil that has been done be fruitless." This practice highlights the importance of forgiveness in Jainism, encouraging individuals to let go of anger, pride, and deceit, which are considered major obstacles in one's spiritual journey.

Observance

On Samvatsari, Jains observe a complete fast or partake in Parna (breaking the fast) with a meal that is consumed before sunset. Devotees visit temples to pray, meditate, and listen to discourses on the teachings of the Tirthankaras. The day is also marked by charitable acts and reaffirming commitments to the core principles of Jainism, such as non-violence and truthfulness.

Conclusion

Samvatsari is a day of profound spiritual significance in Jainism, providing an opportunity for self-reflection, purification, and renewal of faith. It reinforces the values of forgiveness, compassion, and non-violence, aiming to lead individuals towards a path of spiritual liberation.