Sanatorium (resort)

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Sanatorium (resort)

A sanatorium (also sanitarium) is a medical facility for long-term illness, most typically associated with the treatment of tuberculosis in the late 19th and early 20th centuries before the discovery of antibiotics. The term has also been used to describe various types of health resorts.

History

Sanatoriums became popular in the late 19th century as a response to the tuberculosis epidemic. The first sanatorium was established by Hermann Brehmer in Görbersdorf, Silesia (now Sokołowsko, Poland). These facilities were often located in rural areas with fresh air and a healthy climate, which were believed to be beneficial for patients suffering from tuberculosis.

Design and Facilities

Sanatoriums were typically designed to provide patients with ample access to fresh air and sunlight, which were considered essential for recovery. Many sanatoriums featured large verandas, solariums, and open-air pavilions. The architecture often included large windows and high ceilings to promote ventilation.

Treatment

The primary treatment at sanatoriums was the "rest cure," which involved extended bed rest, a nutritious diet, and exposure to fresh air. Patients were encouraged to spend as much time as possible outdoors, engaging in light physical activities. In some cases, sanatoriums also offered hydrotherapy, heliotherapy (sun therapy), and other alternative treatments.

Decline

The use of sanatoriums began to decline in the mid-20th century with the advent of effective antibiotics, such as streptomycin, which significantly reduced the need for long-term residential treatment of tuberculosis. Many former sanatoriums were repurposed for other medical uses or converted into hotels and resorts.

Modern Usage

In contemporary times, the term "sanatorium" is less commonly used, but some health resorts and rehabilitation centers still operate under this name. These modern facilities often focus on holistic health and wellness, offering a range of treatments and therapies for various chronic conditions.

Notable Sanatoriums

• Sokołowsko Sanatorium in Poland
• Paimio Sanatorium in Finland, designed by Alvar Aalto
• Waverly Hills Sanatorium in the United States

See Also

• Tuberculosis
• Rest cure
• Hydrotherapy
• Heliotherapy
• Health resort
• Rehabilitation center