Sea urchin injury

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Sea urchin injury
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Pain, swelling, redness, infection, allergic reaction
Complications	Infection, allergic reaction, tissue necrosis
Onset	Immediate
Duration	Varies
Types	N/A
Causes	Sea urchin spines or venom
Risks	Handling sea urchins, stepping on sea urchins
Diagnosis	Clinical evaluation, imaging
Differential diagnosis	Jellyfish sting, stingray injury, coral injury
Prevention	Wearing protective footwear, avoiding contact with sea urchins
Treatment	Removal of spines, pain management, antibiotics if infected
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with proper treatment
Frequency	Common in coastal areas
Deaths	N/A

Mediterranean black sea urchin sting getting expelled from the body by itself after 3 weeks

Sea urchin injury refers to the physical harm caused by contact with a sea urchin, a type of marine animal found in oceans worldwide. Sea urchins are known for their spiny exteriors, which can penetrate the skin and lead to injuries. These injuries are common among individuals who engage in activities such as swimming, snorkeling, and walking in shallow waters without protective footwear.

Causes

The primary cause of sea urchin injuries is accidental contact with the animal's spines. Sea urchins possess two main types of spines: long, sharp spines used for protection and shorter, venomous pedicellariae that can inject toxins. Injuries can occur when a person steps on, handles, or brushes against a sea urchin.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a sea urchin injury include:

• Immediate pain at the site of the injury
• Swelling and redness
• Embedded spines visible in the skin
• Possible systemic reactions in more severe cases, such as difficulty breathing, muscle weakness, and changes in heart rate, depending on the species of sea urchin and the individual's reaction to the venom

Treatment

Treatment for sea urchin injuries focuses on removing any embedded spines, managing pain, and preventing infection. Steps include:

• Carefully removing visible spines with tweezers. It is essential not to break the spines during removal.
• Soaking the affected area in hot water (as hot as can be tolerated) for 30 to 90 minutes to help break down the toxins and relieve pain.
• Cleaning the wound with soap and water to prevent infection.
• Applying antibiotic ointment and covering the area with a clean bandage.
• Seeking medical attention if symptoms worsen or if the injury involves sensitive areas such as the face or joints.

Prevention

Preventive measures against sea urchin injuries include:

• Wearing protective footwear when walking in shallow waters or on rocky sea beds.
• Exercising caution when handling sea urchins or moving in areas where they are known to live.
• Educating oneself about the local marine life when visiting coastal regions.

Complications

Complications from sea urchin injuries can include:

• Secondary infection at the injury site
• Long-term pain or discomfort if spines are not fully removed
• Allergic reactions or more severe systemic effects from the venom, although rare

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