Small nucleolar RNA SNORD94

Small nucleolar RNA SNORD94 (SNORD94) is a member of the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) family, specifically classified under the C/D box snoRNAs which are known for their role in guiding the chemical modifications of other RNAs, primarily ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). SNORD94, like other C/D box snoRNAs, is involved in the 2'-O-ribose methylation of rRNA molecules, a critical modification for the proper assembly and function of the ribosome, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis.

Function

SNORD94 is integral to the modification of ribosomal RNA, a process essential for the accurate and efficient production of proteins within the cell. By directing specific methylation events, SNORD94 contributes to the structural integrity and functional capacity of the ribosome. These modifications are crucial for the ribosome's ability to accurately decode messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences and catalyze peptide bond formation, steps fundamental to the synthesis of proteins.

Biogenesis

The biogenesis of SNORD94, as with other C/D box snoRNAs, involves its initial transcription as part of a host intron from pre-mRNA by RNA polymerase II. Following transcription, SNORD94 is excised and processed from its host intron. This process is facilitated by the action of several nucleases and is tightly regulated to ensure proper snoRNA maturation and function. The mature SNORD94 is then transported to the nucleolus, where it associates with specific proteins to form a functional snoRNP complex, necessary for its role in rRNA modification.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the expression levels or function of SNORD94 have been implicated in various human diseases, highlighting the importance of snoRNAs in maintaining cellular homeostasis and the potential consequences of their dysregulation. For instance, changes in SNORD94 expression have been associated with certain forms of cancer, suggesting a role in tumorigenesis. Understanding the precise functions and mechanisms of SNORD94 may provide insights into its potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target in disease.

See Also

• Small nucleolar RNA
• Ribosome
• RNA polymerase II
• Protein synthesis