Smith's fracture

Smith's fracture, also known as a reverse Colles' fracture, is a specific type of distal radius fracture involving a break near the wrist end of the radius, the larger of the two bones in the forearm. This fracture is characterized by the displacement of the fractured fragment of the radius towards the palm side of the hand, which is opposite to the more common Colles' fracture where the displacement is towards the back of the hand. Smith's fractures are most commonly caused by a direct blow to the dorsal (back) side of the wrist or by falling onto a flexed (bent) wrist, contrasting with Colles' fractures which typically occur from a fall onto an extended (straightened) wrist.

Causes and Risk Factors

Smith's fractures are often the result of trauma. Common causes include:

• Falling onto a flexed wrist
• Direct impact to the back of the wrist
• Sports injuries
• Motor vehicle accidents

Risk factors for Smith's fractures mirror those for other types of bone fractures and include:

• Osteoporosis
• Advanced age
• Participation in certain sports

Symptoms

Symptoms of a Smith's fracture may include:

• Pain and tenderness around the wrist
• Swelling and bruising
• Deformity of the wrist, such as a noticeable bump or an abnormal wrist shape
• Difficulty moving the wrist or hand

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a Smith's fracture typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests. During the physical exam, a healthcare provider will look for signs of injury, swelling, and deformity. Imaging tests may include:

• X-rays, which can confirm the presence of a fracture and show its location and severity
• CT scan or MRI, which may be used in complex cases to assess detailed bone and soft tissue involvement

Treatment

Treatment for Smith's fractures depends on the severity of the fracture. Options include:

• Non-surgical treatment, which may involve immobilization of the wrist in a cast or splint for several weeks to allow the bone to heal. Physical therapy may also be recommended to restore function.
• Surgical treatment, which may be necessary for more severe fractures. Surgery can involve the use of pins, plates, and screws to stabilize the fracture and allow for proper healing.

Complications

Complications from Smith's fractures can include:

• Nerve damage
• Arthritis in the wrist
• Stiffness and reduced range of motion
• Inadequate bone healing or malunion

Prevention

Preventing Smith's fractures involves minimizing the risk of falls and injuries. Strategies can include:

• Using protective gear during sports
• Ensuring living spaces are free of tripping hazards
• Strengthening exercises to improve balance and bone health

See Also

• Colles' fracture
• Distal radius fracture
• Wrist anatomy
• Osteoporosis