Smoker's melanosis
A condition characterized by increased pigmentation in the oral mucosa of smokers
Smoker's melanosis is a condition characterized by increased pigmentation of the oral mucosa, commonly observed in individuals who smoke tobacco. This pigmentation is typically benign and results from the stimulation of melanocytes by the components of tobacco smoke.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Smoker's melanosis occurs due to the stimulation of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, by the nicotine and other chemicals present in tobacco smoke. The increased production of melanin leads to the characteristic brown or black pigmentation seen in the oral mucosa of smokers.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
The condition is most commonly observed in the gingiva, buccal mucosa, and palate. The pigmentation appears as irregular, flat, brown to black patches. It is more prevalent in heavy smokers and can vary in intensity depending on the duration and frequency of smoking.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of smoker's melanosis is primarily clinical, based on the patient's smoking history and the appearance of the oral mucosa. A biopsy is rarely needed unless there is suspicion of other pigmented lesions such as oral melanoma.
Management[edit | edit source]
The primary management of smoker's melanosis involves cessation of smoking. Upon quitting smoking, the pigmentation often fades over time, although this process can take several months to years. There is no specific treatment required for the pigmentation itself.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
Smoker's melanosis is a benign condition with no malignant potential. However, it serves as an indicator of tobacco use and the potential for other tobacco-related oral conditions.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
The most effective prevention of smoker's melanosis is to avoid smoking tobacco. Public health measures aimed at reducing smoking prevalence can help decrease the incidence of this condition.
Related pages[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
