Smoldering myeloma

Smoldering myeloma (also known as smoldering multiple myeloma or SMM) is a plasma cell disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow and a high level of monoclonal protein (M protein) in the blood. It is considered a premalignant condition, as it may progress to multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer.

Signs and Symptoms

Smoldering myeloma is typically asymptomatic, meaning that patients do not experience any symptoms. However, some patients may experience mild symptoms such as fatigue, bone pain, and anemia.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of smoldering myeloma is based on laboratory tests that show an increased level of M protein in the blood and/or urine, and a bone marrow biopsy that shows an increased number of plasma cells. Other diagnostic tests may include imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, or PET scan to check for bone lesions.

Treatment

Currently, there is no standard treatment for smoldering myeloma. Instead, patients are closely monitored for signs of progression to multiple myeloma. This approach is known as "watchful waiting". However, some clinical trials are investigating the use of early treatment to prevent the progression of smoldering myeloma to multiple myeloma.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with smoldering myeloma varies. Some patients may never progress to multiple myeloma, while others may progress within a few years of diagnosis. Factors that may influence the prognosis include the level of M protein in the blood and the percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow.

See Also

• Multiple myeloma
• Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
• Plasma cell dyscrasias

References

Smoldering myeloma Resources
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