Spinetoram

Spinetoram is a pesticide that belongs to the spinosyns class of insecticides. It is derived from the naturally occurring compound, spinosad, which is produced by the soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Spinetoram is used to control a wide range of pests, including lepidopteran, dipteran, and coleopteran species.

Chemistry

Spinetoram is a mixture of two major components, J and L, and two minor components, M and N. The major components are produced by fermentation of Saccharopolyspora spinosa, followed by chemical modification. The minor components are formed during the fermentation process. Spinetoram is a semi-synthetic derivative of spinosad, which is a complex mixture of spinosyns A and D.

Mode of Action

Spinetoram acts on the insect's nervous system, causing rapid excitation of the insect's nerves and muscles. It binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the insect's nervous system, disrupting normal nerve function and leading to paralysis and death of the insect.

Use in Agriculture

Spinetoram is used in agriculture for the control of a variety of pests. It is effective against many species of moth, beetle, and fly, as well as other pests such as thrips, leafminers, and aphids. It is used on a wide range of crops, including fruit trees, vegetables, cereals, and ornamental plants.

Environmental Impact

Spinetoram is considered to have a low impact on the environment. It is highly selective, affecting only the target pests and not beneficial insects. It is also rapidly degraded in the environment, reducing the risk of bioaccumulation.

Safety

Spinetoram has a low toxicity to mammals and birds. However, it can be harmful if swallowed or inhaled, and it can cause eye irritation. Appropriate safety measures should be taken when handling and applying spinetoram.

See Also

• Spinosad
• Pesticide
• Insecticide