Spondias

Starr 071024-0339 Spondias mombin

2014-10-11 Spondias dulcis Goldpflaume anagoria

Ma-kok

Spondias is a genus of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae, primarily distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics of the Americas, with one species in Asia. This genus is well-known for its edible fruits, which are consumed locally and, in some cases, commercially. The fruits of Spondias species are important in the diets of many cultures and are often used in cooking and for making beverages.

Description

Spondias trees are medium to large in size, with pinnate leaves, which are usually deciduous in the dry season. The flowers are small, with five petals, and can be white, red, or purple. They are typically arranged in large inflorescences. The fruit of Spondias species is a drupe, with a fleshy exterior and a hard seed inside. The fruits vary in color, including yellow, green, and purple, depending on the species.

Species

There are several species within the Spondias genus, including:

• Spondias mombin, also known as yellow mombin or hog plum, is widespread in the tropical Americas and is cultivated for its juicy, yellow fruits.
• Spondias purpurea, known as purple mombin, red mombin, or ciruela, is native to the tropical Americas and produces small, red to purple fruits.
• Spondias tuberosa, the Brazil plum or umbu, is endemic to the semi-arid regions of Brazil and is valued for its drought resistance and edible fruits.
• Spondias dulcis, also known as ambarella or golden apple, is native to the Pacific Islands but has been introduced to other tropical regions. It bears large, green to yellow fruits.

Cultivation and Uses

Spondias species are cultivated for their fruits, which are eaten fresh or used in a variety of culinary preparations, including jams, jellies, juices, and sauces. The trees are also valued for their wood, shade, and ornamental qualities. In traditional medicine, various parts of Spondias trees, including the fruit, leaves, and bark, are used to treat a range of ailments.

Ecological Role

Spondias trees play a significant role in their ecosystems. They are a source of food for wildlife, including birds and mammals, which helps in the dispersal of their seeds. The trees also contribute to the stability of the soil and provide shade, which can be beneficial in agroforestry systems.

Conservation

While some species of Spondias are widely cultivated and not considered at risk, others face threats from habitat destruction and overharvesting. Conservation efforts are necessary to ensure the survival of these species in their natural habitats.