Squalane

Chemical structure of squalane

Squalane is a saturated hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural organic compound originally obtained from shark liver oil. It is a colorless, odorless, and non-toxic liquid that is used extensively in cosmetics and personal care products due to its excellent emollient properties.

Chemical Properties

Squalane is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₃₀H₆₂. It is a fully saturated form of squalene, meaning that all of its carbon-carbon double bonds have been hydrogenated. This saturation makes squalane more stable and less prone to oxidation compared to squalene.

Production

Originally, squalane was sourced from the liver oil of deep-sea sharks, but due to ethical and sustainability concerns, most squalane used today is derived from plant sources such as olive oil, sugarcane, and rice bran. The hydrogenation process converts squalene into squalane, enhancing its stability and shelf life.

Uses

Squalane is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a moisturizer and emollient. It is valued for its ability to mimic the skin's natural oils, making it an effective hydrator that is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. Squalane is also used in hair care products to add shine and reduce frizz.

Benefits

• Moisturizing: Squalane is an excellent moisturizer that helps to keep the skin hydrated and soft.
• Non-comedogenic: It does not clog pores, making it suitable for acne-prone skin.
• Antioxidant properties: Squalane can help protect the skin from free radical damage.
• Lightweight: It is easily absorbed into the skin without leaving a greasy residue.

Environmental and Ethical Considerations

The shift from animal-derived to plant-derived squalane has been driven by concerns over the sustainability and ethical implications of harvesting shark liver oil. Plant-based squalane is considered more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

Related pages

• Squalene
• Emollient
• Cosmetic chemistry
• Moisturizer