Stratum basalis

Stratum basalis is a term used in anatomy and histology to describe the deepest layer of the endometrium, which is the mucous membrane lining the uterus. This layer is also known as the basal layer of the endometrium. It is significant for its role in the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy. The stratum basalis is juxtaposed to the stratum functionalis, the layer that undergoes cyclic changes and is shed during menstruation if implantation of a fertilized egg does not occur.

Structure

The stratum basalis is characterized by its dense, cellular composition. It contains glands that extend from the surface of the endometrium into the underlying myometrium. These glands are crucial for regenerating the stratum functionalis after each menstrual cycle. Unlike the stratum functionalis, the stratum basalis does not undergo significant changes during the menstrual cycle. It remains relatively constant, serving as a reservoir for the regeneration of the endometrial lining.

Function

The primary function of the stratum basalis is to regenerate the stratum functionalis after it is shed during menstruation. This process is essential for preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy. The glands within the stratum basalis produce secretions that are necessary for the nourishment and implantation of the embryo. Additionally, the stratum basalis plays a role in anchoring the endometrium to the myometrium, ensuring the structural integrity of the uterine lining.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the stratum basalis can lead to various gynecological disorders, including endometriosis, adenomyosis, and certain forms of endometrial hyperplasia. These conditions can result in symptoms such as abnormal uterine bleeding, pain, and infertility. Understanding the structure and function of the stratum basalis is crucial for diagnosing and treating these disorders.

See Also

• Endometrium
• Menstrual cycle
• Uterus
• Gynecology

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