Stress-induced cardiomyopathy

Stress-induced Cardiomyopathy Stress-induced cardiomyopathy, also known as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or "broken heart syndrome," is a temporary heart condition that is often brought on by stressful situations and extreme emotions. This condition is characterized by a sudden weakening of the heart muscle, leading to symptoms similar to those of a heart attack.

Overview

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is a form of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, meaning it is not caused by blocked coronary arteries. Instead, it is believed to be triggered by a surge of stress hormones, such as adrenaline, which can temporarily damage the heart.

Symptoms

The symptoms of stress-induced cardiomyopathy can mimic those of a heart attack and may include:

• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations
• Dizziness
• Fainting

Causes

The exact cause of stress-induced cardiomyopathy is not fully understood, but it is often associated with a sudden, intense emotional or physical stressor. Common triggers include:

• The death of a loved one
• A serious medical diagnosis
• A natural disaster
• Intense fear or anxiety

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of stress-induced cardiomyopathy typically involves:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG) to check for heart rhythm abnormalities
• Echocardiogram to assess heart function and structure
• Coronary angiography to rule out blocked arteries
• Blood tests to check for markers of heart damage

Treatment

Treatment for stress-induced cardiomyopathy focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting heart function. This may include:

• Medications such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or diuretics
• Lifestyle modifications to reduce stress
• Monitoring and follow-up care

Prognosis

The prognosis for stress-induced cardiomyopathy is generally good, with most patients recovering fully within a few weeks to months. However, in rare cases, complications such as heart failure or arrhythmias can occur.

Epidemiology

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is more common in women, particularly those over the age of 50. It is estimated to account for 1-2% of all cases of acute coronary syndrome.

See Also

• Cardiomyopathy
• Heart attack
• Stress (biology)

,

 Stress-induced cardiomyopathy: a review, 
 Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 
 2008, 
 Vol. 51(Issue: 13), 
 pp. 1237-1241,

,

 Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy, 
  
 Springer, 
 2014,

NIH genetic and rare disease info

• NIH info on Stress-induced cardiomyopathy

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is a rare disease.