Sudan I

Sudan I‏‎ (also known as Sudan Red G, Solvent Red 23, C.I. 26100, or 1-[[4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl]azo]-2-naphthol) is an organic compound, typically classified as an azo dye. It is named after Sudan, the country of its origin. It is a red dye used for coloring solvents, oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes.

History

Sudan I was the first in a series of Sudan dyes discovered in the late 19th century, and it was the first industrial dye. The dye was originally produced in Sudan, hence the name. It was used extensively in the early 20th century in textiles and food products until it was discovered to be carcinogenic.

Chemical Properties

Sudan I is a azo dye, which means it contains the functional group R-N=N-R', where R and R' can be either aryl or alkyl. The molecule consists of two phenyl rings, one of which is diazenyl, and a naphthol group. It is a red powder that is soluble in fats and organic solvents but not in water.

Uses

Sudan I is primarily used for coloring solvents, oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. It was formerly used to color nonpolar substances such as plastics and fabrics, but this use has declined due to safety concerns.

Health Effects

Sudan I has been classified as a carcinogenic substance. It has been linked to an increased risk of bladder and colon cancer. Ingestion of Sudan I can lead to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Long-term exposure can lead to liver damage.

Regulation

Due to its carcinogenic properties, the use of Sudan I in food products is banned in many countries, including the EU and the US. However, it is still found in some food products, particularly chili and curry powders, and is often used illegally to enhance the color of spices.

See Also

• Sudan II
• Sudan III
• Sudan IV
• Azo compound
• Carcinogen