Supraglottis
The supraglottis is the anatomical region of the larynx located above the vocal cords. This region encompasses the epiglottis and other associated structures, playing a critical role in the respiratory and digestive systems by preventing the entry of food and liquids into the lungs.
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The supraglottis consists of:
- Epiglottis: A leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that acts as a protective cover for the windpipe, preventing food and liquids from entering the trachea and lungs during swallowing.
- Aryepiglottic folds: Folds of tissue that extend from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages.
- Ventricular (false) vocal cords: These are folds located just above the true vocal cords and have no role in voice production but help in closing the larynx during swallowing.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of the supraglottis is protective:
- Airway Protection: During swallowing, the epiglottis folds down over the glottis (the opening to the trachea) ensuring that food and liquids are directed into the esophagus and not the trachea.
- Breathing: When not engaged in the act of swallowing, the supraglottic structures remain open, allowing for unobstructed passage of air into the trachea and lungs.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
- Supraglottitis: An inflammation of the supraglottic structures, often caused by bacterial infection. It can lead to rapid airway obstruction and is considered a medical emergency.
- Supraglottic cancers: Tumors can arise from the tissues of the supraglottis. Early detection and treatment are essential for a favorable prognosis.
Treatment and Procedures[edit | edit source]
- Supraglottic laryngectomy: A surgical procedure where a portion or all of the supraglottic region is removed, usually due to malignancy.
- Endoscopy: A procedure allowing physicians to visualize the supraglottis and other regions of the larynx using a camera attached to a flexible tube.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- Gray, Henry. "Anatomy of the Human Body". Lea & Febiger, 1918.
- Flint, Paul W., et al. "Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery". Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
