Supraglottis

Larynx and nearby structures

Gray's anatomy supraglottis

The supraglottis is the anatomical region of the larynx located above the vocal cords. This region encompasses the epiglottis and other associated structures, playing a critical role in the respiratory and digestive systems by preventing the entry of food and liquids into the lungs.

Anatomy

The supraglottis consists of:

• Epiglottis: A leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that acts as a protective cover for the windpipe, preventing food and liquids from entering the trachea and lungs during swallowing.
• Aryepiglottic folds: Folds of tissue that extend from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages.
• Ventricular (false) vocal cords: These are folds located just above the true vocal cords and have no role in voice production but help in closing the larynx during swallowing.

Function

The primary function of the supraglottis is protective:

• Airway Protection: During swallowing, the epiglottis folds down over the glottis (the opening to the trachea) ensuring that food and liquids are directed into the esophagus and not the trachea.
• Breathing: When not engaged in the act of swallowing, the supraglottic structures remain open, allowing for unobstructed passage of air into the trachea and lungs.

Clinical Significance

• Supraglottitis: An inflammation of the supraglottic structures, often caused by bacterial infection. It can lead to rapid airway obstruction and is considered a medical emergency.
• Supraglottic cancers: Tumors can arise from the tissues of the supraglottis. Early detection and treatment are essential for a favorable prognosis.

Treatment and Procedures

• Supraglottic laryngectomy: A surgical procedure where a portion or all of the supraglottic region is removed, usually due to malignancy.
• Endoscopy: A procedure allowing physicians to visualize the supraglottis and other regions of the larynx using a camera attached to a flexible tube.

See Also

• Larynx
• Glottis
• Epiglottitis
• Otolaryngology

References

• Gray, Henry. "Anatomy of the Human Body". Lea & Febiger, 1918.
• Flint, Paul W., et al. "Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery". Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014.

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