Surface epithelial-stromal tumor

Surface epithelial-stromal tumor is a type of ovarian tumor that originates from the ovarian surface epithelium and underlying stromal tissue. These tumors represent a diverse group of neoplasms, comprising approximately 60% of all ovarian tumors. They can be benign, borderline, or malignant, and they can be further classified into several subtypes based on their histological features.

Classification

Surface epithelial-stromal tumors are classified into several subtypes, including:

• Serous tumors: These are the most common type of surface epithelial-stromal tumors. They can be benign, borderline, or malignant. Malignant serous tumors are the most common type of ovarian cancer.

• Mucinous tumors: These tumors are filled with a mucus-like substance. They can also be benign, borderline, or malignant.

• Endometrioid tumors: These tumors resemble the normal lining of the uterus (endometrium). They can be associated with endometriosis.

• Clear cell tumors: These tumors are often associated with endometriosis or endometrioid tumors. They have a higher likelihood of being malignant.

• Brenner tumors: These are rare tumors that are usually benign.

Symptoms

The symptoms of surface epithelial-stromal tumors are often nonspecific and can be similar to those of other conditions. They may include abdominal pain or bloating, changes in bowel or bladder habits, and irregular menstrual periods.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of surface epithelial-stromal tumors typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan, and laboratory tests including CA-125 level. In some cases, surgical exploration may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the disease.

Treatment

Treatment of surface epithelial-stromal tumors depends on the type and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these.

Prognosis

The prognosis for surface epithelial-stromal tumors varies widely depending on factors such as the type and stage of the tumor, the patient's age and overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment.