TMPRSS2

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TMPRSS2 (Transmembrane protease, serine 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMPRSS2 gene. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 21 at position 22.3.

Function

TMPRSS2 is a serine protease that is involved in the proteolytic processing of various proteins. It is known to play a crucial role in the activation of viral glycoproteins, which facilitates the entry of viruses into host cells. This protein is particularly significant in the context of respiratory viruses such as influenza and coronaviruses.

Clinical Significance

TMPRSS2 has gained considerable attention due to its role in the entry mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. The protein cleaves the spike protein of the virus, enabling it to fuse with the host cell membrane and initiate infection. Inhibitors of TMPRSS2 are being explored as potential therapeutic agents to prevent or treat COVID-19.

Additionally, TMPRSS2 is implicated in prostate cancer. The gene is often fused with the ERG gene in prostate cancer cells, leading to the overexpression of the ERG protein, which is associated with the progression of the disease.

Expression

TMPRSS2 is expressed in various tissues, with high levels in the prostate, colon, stomach, and salivary glands. Its expression is regulated by androgens, which are male sex hormones.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the detailed mechanisms by which TMPRSS2 facilitates viral entry and its potential as a target for antiviral therapies. Studies are also investigating the role of TMPRSS2-ERG fusions in prostate cancer and their implications for diagnosis and treatment.

See also

• Serine protease
• SARS-CoV-2
• Prostate cancer
• Chromosome 21