Tenonitis

Tenonitis

Schematic diagram of the human eye

Tenonitis is an inflammatory condition affecting Tenon's capsule, a thin membrane that envelops the eyeball from the optic nerve to the limbus. This condition is also known as "episcleritis" when it involves the superficial layers of the sclera.

Anatomy of Tenon's Capsule

Anatomy of the human eye, showing Tenon's capsule

Tenon's capsule, also known as the fascia bulbi, is a connective tissue structure that provides a socket for the eyeball to move within. It is located between the conjunctiva and the sclera, and it plays a crucial role in the movement and protection of the eye.

Causes of Tenonitis

Tenonitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Infection: Bacterial or viral infections can lead to inflammation of Tenon's capsule.
• Autoimmune disorders: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus can cause inflammation in the eye.
• Trauma: Injury to the eye or surrounding tissues can result in tenonitis.
• Surgery: Post-surgical inflammation is a common cause of tenonitis, especially after procedures involving the eye.

Symptoms

The symptoms of tenonitis may include:

• Eye pain
• Redness of the eye
• Swelling around the eye
• Decreased vision
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of tenonitis typically involves a thorough eye examination by an ophthalmologist. Imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI may be used to assess the extent of inflammation.

Treatment

Treatment for tenonitis depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation
• Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is present
• Immunosuppressive drugs: For autoimmune-related tenonitis
• Pain management: To alleviate discomfort

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for tenonitis is generally good. However, if left untreated, it can lead to complications such as scleritis or uveitis.

Related pages

• Scleritis
• Uveitis
• Conjunctivitis
• Ophthalmology