Tetrabarbital

A barbiturate derivative used in medicine

Tetrabarbital
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Tetrabarbital is a barbiturate derivative that has been used in medicine primarily for its sedative and hypnotic properties. It is a central nervous system depressant that works by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA_A receptor.

Pharmacology

Tetrabarbital acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA_A receptor, which increases the inhibitory effects of GABA in the central nervous system. This results in a calming effect, making it useful for inducing sleep and reducing anxiety.

Medical uses

Tetrabarbital has been used in the past for the treatment of insomnia, anxiety disorders, and as a pre-anesthetic agent. However, due to the development of safer and more effective medications, its use has declined significantly.

Side effects

Common side effects of tetrabarbital include drowsiness, dizziness, and headache. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, hypotension, and allergic reactions.

History

Barbiturates, including tetrabarbital, were first synthesized in the early 20th century and became widely used for their sedative and hypnotic effects. Over time, the development of benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics led to a decline in the use of barbiturates due to their potential for addiction and overdose.

Chemical structure

Structural formula of Tetrabarbital

Tetrabarbital is a derivative of barbituric acid, with a chemical structure that includes a pyrimidine ring. The presence of an ethyl group and a 4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl group at the 5-position of the ring distinguishes it from other barbiturates.

Synthesis

The synthesis of tetrabarbital involves the reaction of barbituric acid with appropriate alkylating agents to introduce the ethyl and 4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl groups.

Regulation

Due to its potential for abuse and dependence, tetrabarbital is classified as a controlled substance in many countries. Its use is restricted to specific medical indications and is subject to regulatory oversight.

Related pages

• Barbiturate
• Sedative
• Hypnotic
• GABA_A receptor