The Forme of Cury

The Forme of Cury is a historic manuscript compiled around 1390 AD, attributed to the master cooks of King Richard II of England. It is recognized as one of the oldest known instructional cookbooks in the English language. The title itself roughly translates to "The Method of Cooking" in modern English, with "cury" being an old term for cooking derived from the French "cuire".

Overview

The manuscript is a comprehensive collection of medieval recipes. Though the exact number of recipes varies between different versions, it typically includes around 200 dishes. These recipes reflect the cuisine of the high society and royal court of the 14th century England, showcasing a wide range of ingredients and cooking techniques of the time. The Forme of Cury emphasizes the use of spices, which were expensive commodities, indicating the recipes were intended for the wealthy.

Historical Context

During the 14th century, England was a realm where the royal household set trends that were emulated by the nobility. The Forme of Cury not only provides insights into the culinary practices of the time but also reflects the social and economic aspects of medieval society. The use of rare spices such as saffron and cloves illustrates the trade connections and the wealth of the English elite.

Contents and Features

The recipes in The Forme of Cury cover a broad spectrum, including meats, fish, sauces, vegetables, and desserts. Notably, the cookbook contains one of the earliest known recipes for custard and provides instructions for making dishes that are still recognized today, such as blancmange. The manuscript also stands out for its early advocacy of seasonal eating and the use of locally sourced ingredients.

Manuscript Versions

Several manuscript copies of The Forme of Cury have survived, with the most famous being part of the John Rylands Library, Manchester. Each version varies slightly, indicating that the cookbook was widely used and adapted over time. The manuscripts are written in Middle English, using the script of the period, which can be challenging for modern readers to decipher.

Legacy

The Forme of Cury is a valuable document for historians, chefs, and anyone interested in the history of food and cooking. It offers a window into the culinary world of medieval England and has influenced the study of historical cooking practices. The cookbook has been referenced in various works on food history and has been the subject of several modern English translations and adaptations.

See Also

• Medieval cuisine
• Historical cookbooks
• Culinary history of England