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Terson syndrome is a medical condition characterized by the presence of blood in the vitreous humor, the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eye. This condition is often associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and other types of brain hemorrhage.

Causes

Terson syndrome is most commonly caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which is a type of stroke that occurs when a blood vessel on the surface of the brain ruptures and bleeds into the space between the brain and the skull. Other causes can include traumatic brain injury, brain tumor, or aneurysm.

Symptoms

The main symptom of Terson syndrome is sudden and painless vision loss or visual impairment. This can range from mild to severe, and can affect one or both eyes. Other symptoms can include floaters, which are small specks or clouds moving in your field of vision, and photopsia, which is the perception of flashes of light.

Diagnosis

Terson syndrome can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination. This can include a visual acuity test, a dilated eye exam, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), which uses light waves to take cross-section pictures of your retina. In some cases, a fluorescein angiography may be performed, which involves injecting a special dye into a vein in your arm and taking pictures as the dye passes through the blood vessels in your retina.

Treatment

The treatment for Terson syndrome depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, the blood in the vitreous humor may clear up on its own over time. In more severe cases, a vitrectomy may be required. This is a surgical procedure that involves removing the vitreous humor and replacing it with a salt solution. If Terson syndrome is caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage or another type of brain hemorrhage, treatment will also involve addressing the underlying cause.

See also

• Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Vitreous humor
• Visual impairment

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