Transplantation of tooth

Tooth transplantation, also known as dental autotransplantation, is a surgical procedure in which a tooth is moved from one location in the mouth to another within the same individual. This procedure is typically performed to replace a missing or non-restorable tooth with a healthy tooth from another site in the mouth.

History

The practice of tooth transplantation dates back to ancient times, with evidence of such procedures found in archaeological sites. However, modern techniques have evolved significantly, with the first documented successful autotransplantation occurring in the 1950s. Advances in oral surgery and dental materials have improved the success rates of these procedures.

Indications

Tooth transplantation is indicated in several clinical scenarios, including:

• Replacement of a missing tooth due to dental trauma or congenital absence.
• Replacement of a non-restorable tooth due to dental caries or periodontal disease.
• Orthodontic purposes, such as closing a space or correcting a malocclusion.

Contraindications

Contraindications for tooth transplantation include:

• Poor oral hygiene and periodontal health.
• Insufficient space in the recipient site.
• Inadequate root development of the donor tooth.
• Systemic conditions that impair healing, such as diabetes mellitus or immunosuppression.

Procedure

The procedure for tooth transplantation involves several steps:

Preoperative Assessment

A thorough clinical and radiographic assessment is essential. This includes evaluating the donor tooth for root development and the recipient site for adequate bone support and space.

Surgical Technique

1. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is administered to both the donor and recipient sites. 2. Extraction of Donor Tooth: The donor tooth is carefully extracted to preserve the periodontal ligament. 3. Preparation of Recipient Site: The recipient site is prepared to accommodate the donor tooth, ensuring proper alignment and occlusion. 4. Transplantation: The donor tooth is placed into the recipient site and stabilized, often using sutures or splints. 5. Postoperative Care: Antibiotics and analgesics may be prescribed, and the patient is advised on oral hygiene and diet.

Complications

Potential complications of tooth transplantation include:

• Infection at the recipient site.
• Root resorption, where the root of the transplanted tooth is resorbed by the body.
• Ankylosis, where the tooth becomes fused to the bone, preventing normal movement.
• Failure of the transplant due to poor integration or rejection.

Prognosis

The prognosis for tooth transplantation is generally favorable, with success rates reported between 70% and 90%. Factors influencing success include the stage of root development, the surgical technique, and postoperative care.

See Also

• Dental implant
• Orthodontics
• Periodontology

External Links

• American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• International Association of Dental Traumatology