Ulcer

Ulcer is a break in the skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue, disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue, and often pus.

Types of Ulcers

Ulcers can occur in many parts of the body, but the most common types are:

• Peptic ulcer, which occurs in the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, known as the duodenum.
• Mouth ulcer, also known as canker sores, which occur in the mouth.
• Genital ulcer, which occurs on the genitals.
• Pressure ulcer, also known as bedsores, which occur on skin that's continuously under pressure.

Causes

Ulcers can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
• Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen.
• Certain other medications, such as bisphosphonates.
• Radiation therapy.

Symptoms

Symptoms of ulcers can include:

• Pain or discomfort, usually in the abdomen.
• Feeling of fullness, bloating or belching.
• Intolerance to fatty foods.
• Heartburn.
• Nausea.

Diagnosis

Ulcers are diagnosed through a variety of methods, including:

• Endoscopy, where a long, flexible tube with a camera is inserted down the throat and into the stomach and duodenum.
• Barium swallow, where a thick, chalky substance called barium is swallowed and coats the upper digestive tract, making ulcers visible on X-rays.
• Blood test, to check for the presence of H. pylori bacteria.

Treatment

Treatment for ulcers depends on the cause, but may include:

• Medications to block stomach acid.
• Antibiotics to kill H. pylori bacteria.
• Medications to protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine.
• In some cases, surgery may be needed.

See also

• Gastritis
• Gastroenteritis
• Stomach cancer

Ulcer Resources
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