Tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa

Tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa

The tunica albuginea is a fibrous sheath that surrounds the corpora cavernosa, which are cylindrical structures found in the penis and clitoris. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the rigidity of these structures during sexual arousal.

Structure

The tunica albuginea is composed of dense connective tissue, primarily collagen fibers, arranged in a parallel fashion. It consists of two layers: an outer longitudinal layer and an inner circular layer. The longitudinal layer provides strength and support, while the circular layer helps maintain the shape and integrity of the corpora cavernosa.

Within the tunica albuginea, there are small blood vessels, nerves, and smooth muscle cells. These components contribute to the overall function of the corpora cavernosa and are essential for the process of erection.

Function

The tunica albuginea plays a crucial role in the process of erection. During sexual arousal, the arteries supplying blood to the corpora cavernosa dilate, leading to an increased blood flow into these structures. As the corpora cavernosa fill with blood, the tunica albuginea expands and becomes stretched.

The expansion of the tunica albuginea compresses the veins that normally drain blood from the corpora cavernosa, resulting in a reduced outflow of blood. This increased blood trapped within the corpora cavernosa leads to the rigidity and enlargement of the penis or clitoris, allowing for sexual intercourse or stimulation.

Clinical Significance

The tunica albuginea can be affected by various conditions, including Peyronie's disease and penile fractures. Peyronie's disease is characterized by the formation of fibrous plaques within the tunica albuginea, leading to penile curvature and erectile dysfunction. Penile fractures, although rare, can occur when there is a tear in the tunica albuginea due to trauma, resulting in immediate pain, swelling, and deformity.

Surgical interventions, such as tunica albuginea plication or grafting, may be necessary to correct these conditions and restore normal penile function.

See Also

• Corpora cavernosa
• Erection
• Peyronie's disease
• Penile fracture