Underwood's septa
In anatomy, Underwood's septa (or maxillary sinus septa, singular septum)[1][2] are fin-shaped projections of bone that may exist in the maxillary sinus, first described in 1910 by Arthur S. Underwood, an anatomist at King's College in London.[3] The presence of septa at or near the floor of the sinus are of interest to the dental clinician when proposing or performing sinus floor elevation procedures because of an increased likelihood of surgical complications, such as tearing of the Schneiderian membrane.[4]
The prevalence of Underwood's septa in relation to the floor of the maxillary sinus has been reported at nearly 32%.[5]
Location of septa in the sinus[edit | edit source]
Underwood divided the maxillary sinus into three regions relating to zones of distinct tooth eruption activity: anterior (corresponding to the premolars), middle (corresponding to the first molar) and posterior (corresponding to the second molar). Thus, he asserted, these septa always arise between teeth and never opposite the middle of a tooth.[3]
Different studies reveal a different predisposition for the presence of septa based on sinus region:
- Anterior: Ulm, et al.,[5] Krennmair et al.[6]
- Middle: Velásquez-Plata et al.,[7] Kim et al.[8] and González-Santana et al.[9]
- Posterior: Underwood[3]
Primary vs. secondary septa[edit | edit source]
Recent studies have classified two types of maxillary sinus septa: primary and secondary. Primary septa are those initially described by Underwood and that form as a result of the floor of the sinus sinking along with the roots of erupting teeth; these primary septa are thus generally found in the sinus corresponding to the space between teeth, as explained by Underwood. Conversely, secondary septa form as a result of irregular pneumatization of the sinus following loss of maxillary posterior teeth.[6] Sinus pneumatization is a poorly understood phenomenon that results in an increased volume of the maxillary sinus, generally following maxillary posterior tooth loss, at the expense of the bone which used to house the roots of the maxillary posterior teeth.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Maestre-Ferrín L, et al. Maxillary sinus septa: a systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2010;15(2):e383–6. PMID 19767706
- ↑ Lee WJ, et al. Analysis of location and prevalence of maxillary sinus septa. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2010;40(2):56–60. PMID 20498761
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Underwood, AS. An inquiry into the anatomy and pathology of the maxillary sinus. J Anat Physiol 1910;44:354-369.
- ↑ Boyne, P; James, RA. Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1980;38:113–116.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ulm, CW, et al. Incidence and suggested surgical management of septa in sinus-lift procedures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995;10:462–465.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Krennmair G, et al. The incidence, location, and height of maxillary sinus septa in the edentulous and dentate maxilla. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;57:667-71.
- ↑ Velásquez-Plata D, et al. Maxillary sinus septa: a 3-dimensional computerized tomographic scan analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2002;17:854-60.
- ↑ Kim MJ, et al. Maxillary sinus septa: prevalence, height, location, and morphology: A reformatted computed tomography scan analysis. J Periodontol 2006;77:903-8.
- ↑ González-Santana H, et al. A study of the septa in the maxillary sinuses and the subantral alveolar processes in 30 patients. J Oral Implantol 2007;33:340-3.
Portions of content adapted from Wikipedia's article on Underwood's septa which is released under the CC BY-SA 3.0.
| Underwood's septa Resources | |
|---|---|
|
 |
Search WikiMD
Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD
|
WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia |
| Let Food Be Thy Medicine Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates |
Translate this page: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
தமிழ்,
తెలుగు,
Urdu,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
বাংলা
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
Greek,
português do Brasil,
polski,
română,
русский,
Nederlands,
norsk,
svenska,
suomi,
Italian
Middle Eastern & African
عربى,
Turkish,
Persian,
Hebrew,
Afrikaans,
isiZulu,
Kiswahili,
Other
Bulgarian,
Hungarian,
Czech,
Swedish,
മലയാളം,
मराठी,
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
ગુજરાતી,
Portuguese,
Ukrainian
Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.
Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
