Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli

Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC), also known as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), is a group of Escherichia coli bacteria that produce Verotoxin (also known as Shiga toxin). These bacteria are capable of causing severe illness in humans, including Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP).

Overview

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestines of people and animals. Most E. coli are harmless and are an important part of a healthy human intestinal tract. However, some E. coli are pathogenic, meaning they can cause illness. The types of E. coli that can cause diarrhea can be transmitted through contaminated water or food, or through contact with animals or persons.

Verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) are a specific type of pathogenic E. coli. They produce toxins, known as Verotoxin or Shiga toxin, which can cause severe illness in humans. The most commonly identified STEC in North America is E. coli O157:H7. Other E. coli serogroups in the STEC group, including O145, are sometimes called "non-O157 STECs".

Symptoms and Complications

Infections with VTEC can cause a severe and life-threatening illness. The symptoms of VTEC infection typically start 3-4 days after exposure to the bacteria and include severe stomach cramps, diarrhea (often bloody), and vomiting. Some people may have a fever, although it usually is not very high.

In some cases, VTEC infections can lead to serious complications, such as Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS). HUS is a type of kidney failure that can occur in people of any age, but is most common in children under 5 years old and older adults. It is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of VTEC infections involves proper food handling and preparation, as well as good personal hygiene. This includes washing hands thoroughly before and after handling food, cooking meat to the recommended internal temperature, and avoiding raw milk and unpasteurized dairy products.

Treatment for VTEC infections typically involves supportive care, including hydration and symptom management. Antibiotics are not typically used, as they may increase the risk of HUS.

See Also

• Escherichia coli O157:H7
• Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
• Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura