Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a group of blood disorders characterized by low red blood cells, acute kidney failure, and low platelets. Initial symptoms typically include bloody diarrhea, fever, pain, and vomiting. Long term complications may include kidney disease, high blood pressure, and neurological problems.

Causes

HUS is often caused by a type of Escherichia coli known as E. coli O157:H7; however, other types of bacteria and viruses can also be the cause. The disease is typically spread by eating contaminated food, drinking contaminated water, or coming into contact with a person who is infected. Some people may be more susceptible to the disease due to their genetic makeup.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on finding signs of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and kidney failure in the presence of a recent history of bloody diarrhea. Tests may include a stool culture, kidney function tests, and a complete blood count.

Treatment

Treatment often involves supportive care, including dialysis and blood transfusions. Antibiotics are generally not recommended. In severe cases, plasma exchange may be used.

Prognosis

The prognosis for HUS is variable. Some people recover completely, while others may suffer long-term consequences such as kidney damage or high blood pressure. The overall mortality rate is about 5-10%.

Prevention

Prevention of HUS involves proper food handling and preparation, as well as good personal hygiene. Vaccines are currently under development.

See also

• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
• Shiga toxin

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Resources
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