Verruciform xanthoma

Verruciform xanthoma is a rare and benign condition that affects the oral mucosa. It is characterized by the presence of papillomatous, verrucous, or flat lesions, which are usually asymptomatic. The condition was first described by Shafer in 1971.

Etiology

The exact cause of verruciform xanthoma is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with chronic inflammation or trauma. It has also been reported in association with certain conditions such as lichen planus, discoid lupus erythematosus, and Darier's disease.

Clinical Features

Verruciform xanthoma typically presents as a solitary lesion, although multiple lesions have been reported. The lesions are usually asymptomatic and can vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. They are most commonly found on the oral mucosa, particularly the gingiva, hard palate, and tongue.

Histopathology

Histologically, verruciform xanthoma is characterized by the presence of parakeratosis, acanthosis, and elongation of the rete ridges. The most distinctive feature is the presence of large, foam cells (xanthoma cells) in the connective tissue papillae.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of verruciform xanthoma is based on the clinical and histopathological features. Other conditions that may mimic verruciform xanthoma include squamous cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, and condyloma acuminatum. Therefore, a biopsy is essential for accurate diagnosis.

Treatment

The treatment of choice for verruciform xanthoma is surgical excision. The prognosis is excellent, with a low recurrence rate.

See Also

• Oral mucosa
• Lichen planus
• Discoid lupus erythematosus
• Darier's disease

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